Here's How Much $100 Invested In Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock 5 Years Ago Would Be Worth Today
Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock (NYSE: LEU) has significantly outperformed the market over the last five years, with an annualized return of 55.65%. An initial investment of $100 in LEU five years ago would now be worth $968.60. The article highlights the substantial impact of compounded returns on investment growth over time.
Global X Management (LEU) holds 6.41% of Centrus Energy, 1.21M shares
Global X Management Company LLC reported a significant passive stake in Centrus Energy Corp (LEU), beneficially owning 1,214,021 shares of Class A Common Stock, which represents 6.41% of the class. This disclosure was made in an amended Schedule 13G filing, indicating Global X has sole voting and dispositive power over these shares. The filing also clarified that certain Global X investment vehicles, including the Global X Uranium ETF, are entitled to dividends or proceeds from this position.
Van Eck Reports 6.4% Stake in Centrus Energy (NYSE: LEU)
Van Eck Associates Corporation has reported a 6.4% beneficial ownership stake in Centrus Energy Corp (NYSE: LEU), totaling 1,211,517 common shares as of March 31, 2026. This disclosure was made via an amended Schedule 13G filing, signed on May 15, 2026, indicating Van Eck holds sole voting and dispositive power over these shares. The filing is a passive investment disclosure and does not suggest any immediate plans for acquisition or disposition of the shares.
LEU News | CENTRUS ENERGY CORP-CLASS A (NYSE:LEU)
This page provides recent news and analysis for CENTRUS ENERGY CORP-CLASS A (NYSE:LEU). It lists various articles from ChartMill and other sources, covering topics such as earnings reports, growth prospects, and broader market movements affecting uranium stocks. The most recent news highlights the company's stock performance and related industry developments.
Here's How Much $100 Invested In Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock 5 Years Ago Would Be Worth Today
Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock (LEU) has significantly outperformed the market over the last five years, with an annualized return of 55.65%. An initial investment of $100 five years ago would now be worth $968.60. The article highlights the power of compounded returns over time.
Centrus Energy (LEU) CFO Todd Tinelli sells 306 shares in open-market trade
Centrus Energy Corp.'s Senior Vice President, CFO, and Treasurer, Todd M. Tinelli, has reported an open-market sale of 306 shares of the company's Class A Common Stock at $203.55 per share. Following this transaction, Tinelli holds no direct shares of Class A Common Stock. This insider sale, totaling $62,286, was executed at a single flat price according to the Form 4 filing.
[144] CENTRUS ENERGY CORP SEC Filing
This article details a Form 144 SEC filing by Centrus Energy Corp. (LEU) on May 11, 2026. The filing indicates a proposed sale of 306 shares of Class A Common Stock, acquired through restricted stock vesting as compensation, with an aggregate market value of $62,286.30. Georgeson Securities Corporation is listed as the broker for the sale on the NYSE.
Centrus Energy Q1 2026 Earnings Call: Complete Transcript
Centrus Energy reported strong Q1 2026 results with $76.7 million in revenue, $31.5 million gross profit, and $10 million net income, alongside significant progress in its uranium enrichment and Haleu production initiatives. The company updated its 2026 revenue guidance to $450-$500 million and expanded its workforce, leveraging partnerships with Fluor and Palantir to drive efficiencies and cost savings for its centrifuge manufacturing program. Centrus is also exploring a joint venture for HALEU deconversion to further solidify its leadership in the domestic nuclear fuel cycle.
Here's How Much You Would Have Made Owning Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock Stock In The Last 5 Years
Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock (NYSE: LEU) has significantly outperformed the market over the last five years, with an average annual return of 53.15%. An initial investment of $1000 in LEU five years ago would now be worth $8,322.19. The article highlights the substantial impact of compounded returns on investment growth over time.
Centrus Energy (NYSE: LEU) SVP gets RSU shares, surrenders some for taxes
Centrus Energy Corp.'s Senior Vice President, Patrick Sidney Brown, reported the vesting of 1,596 Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) on April 21, 2026, which converted into an equal number of Class A Common shares. To cover tax withholding obligations, 389 of these shares were surrendered back to the company at a price of $191.55 per share. Following these transactions, Brown directly holds 2,452 shares of Class A Common Stock.
Centrus Energy (NYSE: LEU) taps Geiger Brothers for $900M enrichment expansion
Centrus Energy (NYSE: LEU) has selected Geiger Brothers, Inc. as the primary construction contractor for its multi-billion-dollar uranium enrichment facility expansion in Piketon, Ohio. The contract is capped at $900 million through January 30, 2031, for refurbishment, equipment installation, and new infrastructure. This expansion aims to support Centrus' $2.3 billion commercial LEU backlog and produce at least 12 metric tons per year of High-Assay, Low-Enriched Uranium (HALEU).
Centrus Energy Selects Geiger Brothers as Construction Contractor for Major Uranium Enrichment Plant Expansion
Centrus Energy has chosen Geiger Brothers, Inc. as the construction contractor for its multi-billion-dollar uranium enrichment plant expansion in Piketon, Ohio. This partnership, alongside Fluor Corporation as the EPC contractor, aims to efficiently deploy thousands of additional centrifuges for Low-Enriched Uranium and High-Assay, Low-Enriched Uranium production. Geiger Brothers, an Ohio-based firm with extensive experience in industrial and nuclear construction, will handle on-the-ground work, contributing to America's energy security and domestic manufacturing.
$1000 Invested In Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock 10 Years Ago Would Be Worth This Much Today
This article highlights the significant return on investment for Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock (NYSE: LEU) over the past decade. An initial investment of $1000 ten years ago would now be worth over $53,000, demonstrating an annualized return of 48.83%. The piece emphasizes the power of compounded returns in wealth growth.
Centrus Energy (NYSE: LEU) proxy: directors, say-on-pay, charter amendment
Centrus Energy (LEU) has filed a proxy statement for its 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders on June 18, 2026. Shareholders will vote on the election of six directors, an advisory "say-on-pay" proposal for executive compensation, an amendment to the certificate of incorporation to permit officer exculpation, approval of the amended Section 382 Rights Agreement, and the ratification of Deloitte & Touche LLP as auditor. The document details corporate governance, executive compensation, director nominees, and significant financial highlights for 2025, including $448.7 million in revenue and $77.8 million in net income.
Palantir Partnership To Support Enrichment Expansion Might Change The Case For Investing In Centrus Energy (LEU)
Centrus Energy Corp. has partnered with Palantir to expand its uranium enrichment capacity, which could optimize nuclear fuel supply chains. This collaboration supports Centrus's long-term reliance on nuclear fuel and its ability to scale enrichment, especially with a significant Department of Energy task order. However, the investment narrative still faces risks related to project complexity, cost control, and heavy dependence on government contracts.
Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock (NY: LEU)
This article provides recent news headlines related to Centrus Energy Corp. (NYSE: LEU) and other companies. It lists various stock market movements, earnings reports, and analyst advisories from late 2021 and mid-2021, featuring companies like NuZee, Pioneer Power Solutions, and Valneva SE. Financial data for Centrus Energy, including Q1 earnings and sales from 2021, is also mentioned.
Reassessing Centrus Energy (LEU) Valuation After A Sharp Pullback From Its One Year Surge
Centrus Energy (LEU) has experienced a significant short-term pullback, with its stock down over 30% year-to-date, contrasting sharply with its strong 176.1% return over the past year. Despite a popular narrative suggesting it is 35% undervalued with a fair value of $279.58, the company trades at a high P/E ratio compared to its industry and peers, potentially posing valuation risks. Investors are encouraged to consider both the upside and execution risks related to its nuclear fuel business amidst this reassessment.
Centrus Energy Tightens Bylaws As Governance Rules Meet Activism Risks
Centrus Energy recently amended its bylaws to align with new universal proxy rules, clarifying shareholder voting standards and increasing requirements for dissident director campaigns. These changes, including a new forum selection clause routing disputes to Delaware courts, aim to stabilize the company and reduce legal complexities. While potentially limiting shareholder flexibility, the updates are intended to provide clarity and reduce procedural disputes, influencing future activism and litigation risk for Centrus Energy.
A Look At Centrus Energy (LEU) Valuation After A Sharp Pullback In Recent Returns
Centrus Energy (LEU) has experienced a significant pullback in recent returns, leading investors to re-evaluate its valuation. While a discounted cash flow model suggests the stock is undervalued, its high P/E ratio compared to peers indicates a need for substantial future growth. The article advises investors to consider both the potential rewards and risks, especially concerning DOE funding and equity issuance, before making investment decisions.
Is It Too Late To Consider Centrus Energy (LEU) After Its Huge Three Year Rally?
Centrus Energy (LEU) has seen significant volatility, with recent declines despite a substantial 3-year gain. This article evaluates whether the stock is still a good investment, analyzing it through discounted cash flow (DCF) and price-to-earnings (P/E) ratios, as well as considering bullish and bearish narratives for its future prospects.
Centrus Energy (LEU) Is Up 8.7% After Oklo JV, AI Push Reframe Nuclear Fuel Role – What’s Changed
Centrus Energy (LEU) saw an 8.7% rise after its joint venture with Oklo Inc. for high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) deconversion and a collaboration with Palantir on AI-driven enrichment optimization. These developments, along with the proposed HALEU deconversion hub at Piketon, position Centrus as a key player in strengthening U.S. nuclear fuel supply chains. The article highlights how technology and strategic partnerships are reshaping Centrus Energy's role, despite recent earnings affected by a delayed Russian shipment.
How Centrus Energy Corp. Class A (LEU) Affects Rotational Strategy Timing
This article from Stock Traders Daily analyzes Centrus Energy Corp. Class A (LEU) and its impact on rotational strategy timing, identifying weak near-term sentiment but long-term strength. The analysis provides key findings, divergent sentiment across horizons, and AI-generated trading strategies including position trading, momentum breakout, and risk hedging with specific entry, target, and stop-loss levels. It also details multi-timeframe signal analysis with support and resistance levels for various horizons.
Centrus Energy (NYSE: LEU) SVP awarded 2,777 shares, surrenders 836 for taxes
John M A Donelson, Senior Vice President at Centrus Energy, was granted 2,777 shares of Class A Common Stock as a performance-based award. He subsequently surrendered 836 shares at $209.64 per share to cover tax withholding obligations, which was not an open-market sale. Following these transactions, Donelson directly holds 1,941 shares of Centrus Energy Class A Common Stock.
Oklo Q4 Preview: Trump Administration-Supported Nuclear Stock Has The 'Makeup For Sizable Reward' With Earnings Report
Oklo Inc. (NYSE: OKLO), a nuclear stock, is set to release its Q4 financial results, with analysts expecting a loss of 17 cents per share. Market expert Jay Woods suggests the stock, despite a recent 70% decline from its October peak, has potential for a "sizable reward" given its historical post-earnings performance and technical support levels. Investors will be watching for updates on partnerships, revenue timelines, and the impact of the Trump administration's support for the nuclear sector.
Assessing Centrus Energy (LEU) Valuation After New AI And HALEU Fuel Collaborations
Centrus Energy (LEU) is exploring a joint venture with Oklo Inc. for high assay low enriched uranium deconversion and has partnered with Palantir on AI, coming after significant share price fluctuations. Despite strong long-term returns and trading below analyst targets, its high P/E ratio compared to the industry and dependence on DOE funding for its growth narrative raise questions about its valuation. The article suggests investors assess the company's full picture, including growth assumptions and potential risks like equity dilution and funding delays.
Is It Time To Reconsider Centrus Energy (LEU) After Its Recent Share Price Pullback
Centrus Energy (LEU) has experienced recent share price fluctuations, including a 27.5% decline over the past month, but still shows strong long-term returns. A Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis suggests the stock is fairly valued, being only 6.7% below its intrinsic value. However, its current P/E ratio of 50.6x is significantly higher than the industry average, indicating potential overvaluation when compared to Simply Wall St's proprietary Fair Ratio of 13.3x.
Centrus Partners with Palantir to Drive Cost Savings and Unlock Operational Efficiencies in Major Expansion of U.S. Uranium Enrichment Capacity
Centrus Energy and Palantir Technologies have announced a partnership to apply Palantir's AI-driven software to support Centrus' multi-billion-dollar expansion of its uranium enrichment capacity in Piketon, Ohio. This collaboration aims to significantly reduce manufacturing lead times, accelerate the timeline for bringing new enrichment capacity online, and has already identified nearly $300 million in potential cost savings and efficiencies since late January. The partnership is crucial for enhancing America's energy security by providing a reliable, U.S.-owned source of enriched uranium and supporting the next generation of advanced reactors.
Assessing Centrus Energy’s Valuation After Oak Ridge Expansion Plan And Reaffirmed Outperform Rating
Centrus Energy (LEU) is investing over $560 million to expand its Oak Ridge uranium enrichment plant, aiming for high-rate production by 2029. Despite a recent 24% decline in its 30-day share price, the company has seen a 140.16% return over the past year. Analysts have a consensus price target of $229.3, suggesting a 27.4% undervaluation, although the company's high P/E ratio of 51.3x raises questions about how much optimism is already priced in.
If You Invested $100 In Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock Stock 10 Years Ago, You Would Have This Much Today
Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock (NYSE: LEU) has shown significant outperformance over the last decade, with a 57.41% average annual return and a total gain of 8,631.79% from a $100 investment. This demonstrates the powerful effect of compounded returns on investment growth over time.
Oklo, Centrus Announce Planned Joint Venture to Advance Nuclear Fuel Services in Ohio
Oklo Inc. and Centrus Energy Corp. have announced plans for a joint venture to advance nuclear fuel services in Ohio, specifically focusing on deconversion services for high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU). This collaboration aims to improve efficiency and reduce costs by co-locating enrichment and deconversion operations at Centrus' Piketon site, supporting domestic advanced nuclear fuel capacity and addressing potential bottlenecks in the U.S. nuclear fuel cycle. The initiative is also expected to involve regulatory and R&D coordination with federal agencies and align with regional redevelopment efforts in Pike County.
Oklo, Centrus Eye Nuclear Fuel Powerhouse In Ohio
Oklo Inc. and Centrus Energy Corp. are exploring a joint venture to establish a nuclear fuel powerhouse in Ohio, focusing on deconversion services for high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) and related fuel-cycle technologies. This collaboration aims to integrate uranium enrichment and deconversion at Centrus' Piketon site, enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and boosting domestic nuclear fuel capacity. The initiative also involves engaging with federal agencies to bolster the U.S. nuclear fuel-cycle infrastructure.
Centrus Energy (LEU) Is Down 6.8% After DOE-Backed HALEU Expansion Plans - Has The Bull Case Changed?
Centrus Energy (LEU) recently announced significant expansion plans for its HALEU production facilities in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Piketon, Ohio, backed by a US$900 million U.S. Department of Energy task order. This expansion reinforces Centrus's unique position as the sole licensed producer of High-Assay Low-Enriched Uranium in the Western world, crucial for reducing reliance on Russian enrichment services. While these projects align with Centrus's investment narrative of nuclear fuel security, they also introduce risks related to project execution, regulatory hurdles, and customer concentration.
Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock Unusual Options Activity
Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock (NYSE: LEU) has shown unusual options activity, indicating a noticeably bullish stance from significant investors. Ten trades were detected, with 40% bullish and 20% bearish, involving 3 puts and 7 calls for total amounts of $117,175 and $307,125 respectively. The predicted price range based on this activity is $150.0 to $640.0, and current analyst ratings set an average target price of $233.5.
6 Analysts Assess Centrus Energy: What You Need To Know
Six analysts have recently evaluated Centrus Energy (NYSE: LEU), with an average 12-month price target of $273.5, an 18.4% increase from the previous average. The ratings vary across bullish and indifferent stances, reflecting dynamic market conditions. Centrus Energy, a nuclear fuel supplier, demonstrates strong financial performance with high revenue growth, net margin, ROE, and ROA, but also a higher-than-average debt-to-equity ratio.
Is DOE’s US$900 Million HALEU Deal Reshaping The Investment Case For Centrus Energy (LEU)?
Centrus Energy (LEU) recently secured a US$900 million High-Assay Low-Enriched Uranium (HALEU) contract from the U.S. Department of Energy and plans significant expansion of its enrichment plants. This deal reinforces its central role in the Western nuclear fuel supply chain, creating a multi-billion-dollar backlog through 2040 and positioning it as critical infrastructure. While this strengthens the growth story, it also magnifies execution, cost, and funding risks for a stock already experiencing volatility and trading at a high earnings multiple.
A Look At Centrus Energy's Valuation As Exclusive US HALEU Role And Expansion Plans Draw Attention
Centrus Energy (LEU) is gaining attention due to its exclusive role as a U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensed producer of high assay low enriched uranium (HALEU) and its multibillion-dollar expansion plans. While a narrative fair value suggests the stock is 24.7% undervalued, its current P/E ratio of 53.2x is significantly higher than peers and the industry average, signaling potential valuation risk. The stock's future hinges on the timely allocation of DOE funding and the scaling of its HALEU production capacity.
Tradr Targets Volatility With 2X Single-Stock ETFs On CleanSpark, Centrus, Coherent
Tradr ETFs has introduced three new leveraged single-stock ETFs offering 200% or -200% daily performance exposure to CleanSpark, Centrus Energy, and Coherent. These ETFs are designed for sophisticated investors aiming for magnified exposure in volatile markets, particularly in sectors like Bitcoin mining, nuclear fuel, and photonics. The funds cater to active traders seeking tactical tools without directly using margin accounts.
Centrus to Ring the NYSE Opening Bell on Thursday, February 19 in Celebration of the Launch of Multi-Billion Dollar Expansion
Centrus Energy's President and CEO, Amir Vexler, will ring the NYSE Opening Bell on February 19 to mark the launch of the company's multi-billion-dollar expansion of its uranium enrichment capacity in Piketon, Ohio. This project aims to bolster the nation's nuclear fuel supply chain, create jobs, and support both existing reactors and advanced nuclear technologies by producing Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU) and High-Assay, Low-Enriched Uranium (HALEU). The expansion is expected to generate thousands of jobs in Ohio and Tennessee.
Does Centrus Energy (LEU) Balancing Softer Q4 Results With 2026 Hiring Signal Strategic Expansion?
Centrus Energy (LEU) reported softer Q4 2025 results but provided confident 2026 revenue guidance of US$425 million to US$475 million and announced plans to hire at least 150 new employees. This strategic expansion through hiring, despite the lower quarterly earnings, underscores management's commitment to scaling its enrichment footprint and converting its backlog into consistent revenue. The article suggests that while quarterly results can be volatile, the focus for investors should be on Centrus' ability to leverage policy tailwinds and its market position for long-term growth.
$1000 Invested In Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock 5 Years Ago Would Be Worth This Much Today
Centrus Energy Corp. Class A Common Stock (NYSE: LEU) has significantly outperformed the market over the last five years, with an annualized return of 52.1%. A $1000 investment in LEU five years ago would now be worth $7,921.58 due to the power of compounded returns. The article highlights the substantial growth achieved by LEU shareholders over this period.
NYSE Content Update: AI Behemoth Anthropic Valued at $380 Billion after Series G
The NYSE daily pre-market update reported that AI company Anthropic secured an additional $30 billion in funding, raising its post-money valuation to $380 billion. The update also highlighted actor and investor Kevin O'Leary's upcoming NYSE Live appearance and provided details on the opening and closing bell ceremonies for Centrus Energy (NYSE: LEU) and Aris Mining (NYSE: ARIS), respectively.
Centrus Energy Repositions On HALEU As Market Weighs New Task Order
Centrus Energy secured a $900 million US government task order to expand uranium enrichment capabilities and is shifting towards domestic production of high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) for advanced reactors. The company also partnered with Fluor to scale operations at its Ohio facility, aiming to reposition itself as a producer rather than solely a reseller of nuclear fuel. While the stock has seen recent declines, it shows strong longer-term gains, with analysts' consensus target price suggesting it is currently undervalued.
Is It Too Late To Consider Centrus Energy (LEU) After The Recent Share Price Pullback?
Centrus Energy (LEU) has experienced significant recent volatility with a 24.4% decline over the past week and a 39.8% pullback in 30 days, despite strong multi-year returns. While a Discounted Cash Flow analysis suggests the stock is slightly undervalued, its P/E ratio of 50.35x is significantly higher than the industry average, indicating it might be overvalued. The article explores both bullish and bearish narratives for LEU, highlighting divergent fair value estimates based on policy support, market demand, and financial risks.
Why Are Centrus Energy Shares Sliding On Wednesday?
Centrus Energy shares declined after the company reported disappointing fourth-quarter results, missing Wall Street expectations for both revenue and earnings. Despite the downturn, the company announced a partnership with Fluor Corporation for a multi-billion-dollar uranium enrichment expansion in Ohio and maintains a "Buy" rating from analysts with an average price target of $213.53. Technical indicators suggest mixed momentum, with bearish short-term trends but longer-term strength.
Centrus Energy (LEU) High 53x P/E Tests Bullish Narratives After 17.3% Net Margin Report
Centrus Energy (LEU) recently reported strong Q4 results with US$146.2 million in revenue and a 17.3% trailing net margin. However, its high P/E ratio of 53.1x raises questions about whether future growth and margins will align with bullish or bearish projections. Analysts predict 11.7% annual growth in earnings and revenue, but concerns about non-cash earnings and shareholder dilution introduce uncertainty regarding the quality of reported profits and per-share growth.
A Look At Centrus Energy (LEU) Valuation After Earnings Miss And $900 Million DOE Award
Centrus Energy (LEU) experienced a significant share price decline after missing Q4 2025 earnings expectations, despite securing a large government enrichment award and expanding centrifuge manufacturing plans. While a common valuation narrative suggests the stock is 33.8% undervalued based on future nuclear fuel demand and government funding assumptions, the company's high P/E ratio compared to the industry indicates that high expectations are already priced in. Investors are prompted to consider if the recent pullback presents a buying opportunity or if the market has already accounted for its growth story.
Centrus Energy Expansion And HALEU Award Reshape Nuclear Fuel Outlook
Centrus Energy is expanding its Oak Ridge facility and has been selected for a potential US$900 million High Assay Low Enriched Uranium (HALEU) award from the U.S. Department of Energy. This expansion and award highlight the company's role in the domestic nuclear supply chain and its positioning for long-term growth in nuclear fuel. Investors should consider the risks and rewards associated with the HALEU award's negotiation phase and the operational challenges of scaling manufacturing, balanced against Centrus's strong commercial backlog and strategic importance in the Western nuclear fuel market.
CENTRUS ENERGY CORP SEC 10-K Report
Centrus Energy Corp. has released its annual 10-K report, highlighting significant financial growth and strategic initiatives in the nuclear fuel industry. The report details a revenue increase to $448.7 million, with a focus on expanding uranium enrichment capacity for both LEU and HALEU, particularly at its Piketon, Ohio facility. The company faces challenges related to reliance on foreign suppliers and geopolitical tensions but is actively working on mitigating these risks through domestic expansion and strategic partnerships, supported by a strong liquidity position and capital management.
Why Are Centrus Energy Shares Sliding On Wednesday?
Centrus Energy shares are sliding after the company reported disappointing fourth-quarter results, missing Wall Street estimates for both revenue and earnings. The stock initially dropped significantly in extended trading following the earnings release. Despite a recent announcement of a partnership with Fluor Corporation for a uranium enrichment expansion, technical indicators suggest mixed momentum with a bearish short-term trend, although the stock shows long-term strength.
Centrus and Fluor Partner to Advance Major Expansion of Ohio Uranium Enrichment Plant
Centrus Energy (NYSE: LEU) has announced a strategic collaboration with Fluor (NYSE: FLR) to serve as the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contractor for its multi-billion-dollar uranium enrichment capacity expansion in Piketon, Ohio. This partnership aims to significantly boost the company's ability to produce Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU) and High-Assay, Low-Enriched Uranium (HALEU), addressing growing commercial demand and critical national security needs. The project highlights Centrus's commitment to restoring large-scale uranium enrichment capabilities in the U.S.
