Investigation Launched into Cogent Communications Holdings,
Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP has launched an investigation into Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: CCOI) for potential violations of U.S. federal securities laws. The investigation focuses on whether the company and its executives made false or misleading statements and failed to disclose material information to investors. This follows a nearly 6% year-over-year decrease in service revenue and a 98% dividend cut reported on November 6, 2025, which led to a 35% drop in Cogent Communications' share price.
Cogent Communications Shares Drop After Q4 2025 Revenue Miss
Cogent Communications (NASDAQ: CCOI) shares dropped significantly after the company reported fourth-quarter 2025 results that missed revenue expectations and showed full-year declines in key metrics. Despite a reduced net loss per share and growth in wavelength and IPv4 leasing revenues, the overall revenue contraction led to a sharp stock decline. The company also approved a Q1 2026 dividend and continued to integrate its Sprint acquisition.
Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. Q4 2025 Earnings Call Summary
Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. has successfully integrated the Sprint and Cogent networks, shifting its focus to organic growth and high-margin products like wavelength services. For Q4 2025, the company reported a significant EBITDA margin expansion and aims for 6% to 8% annual revenue growth. Challenges include monetizing surplus data centers from the Sprint acquisition and managing T-Mobile transit payments as a predictable cash inflow for deleveraging.
COGENT COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS, INC. SEC 10-K Report
Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. has released its annual 10-K report, detailing its financial performance, business operations, and strategic initiatives. The report highlights a decrease in service revenue and an operating loss, alongside the successful acquisition of Sprint Communications' U.S. long-haul fiber network. The company is actively addressing operational complexities, market risks, regulatory challenges, and cybersecurity threats while focusing on growth and capital optimization.
Cogent (NASDAQ:CCOI) Misses Q4 CY2025 Sales Expectations
Cogent Communications (NASDAQ:CCOI) reported Q4 CY2025 financial results, missing Wall Street's revenue expectations with a 4.7% year-on-year decline to $240.5 million. Despite the revenue miss, the company's GAAP loss of $0.64 per share was better than analysts' consensus estimates. This mixed performance led to a slight dip in share price following the announcement.
COGENT COMMUNICATIONS HLDGS ($CCOI) Releases Q4 2025 Earnings
Cogent Communications Holdings (CCOI) announced its Q4 2025 earnings, reporting a beat on earnings per share but a miss on revenue estimates. The company posted -$0.64 EPS against an estimated -$1.01, and revenue of $240.52 million, falling short of the $252.41 million projection. The article also details recent insider trading, hedge fund activity, and analyst ratings/price targets for CCOI.
Cogent Communications Reports Fourth Quarter 2025 and Full Year 2025 Results
Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. announced its financial results for the fourth quarter and full year 2025. The company reported service revenue of $240.5 million for Q4 2025 and $975.8 million for the full year, with EBITDA, as adjusted, increasing by 4.0% sequentially to $76.7 million for Q4 2025. Cogent also approved a quarterly dividend of $0.02 per share for Q1 2026 and highlighted growth in wavelength revenue and customer connections.
Earnings Flash (CCOI) Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. Reports Q4 Revenue $240.5M, vs. FactSet Est of $243.6M
Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) reported its fourth-quarter revenue, reaching $240.5 million. This figure fell short of the FactSet estimate, which anticipated revenue of $243.6 million. The report indicates a slight miss on analyst expectations for the quarter.
Q4 Earnings Recap: Mixed Results for Lamar, DNOW, and Cogent
Lamar Advertising Company, DNOW Inc., and Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. recently released their Q4 2025 earnings reports, showing mixed results. Lamar reported increased revenue but missed EPS expectations, while DNOW struggled with integration post-merger, missing both revenue and EPS targets. Cogent, however, exceeded EPS expectations despite a slight revenue shortfall, driven by efficiency and strategic cost management.
Why Cogent (CCOI) Shares Are Getting Obliterated Today
Shares of Cogent Communications (NASDAQ:CCOI) dropped significantly after the company reported disappointing fourth-quarter 2025 financial results. The internet service provider experienced a 4.7% decrease in service revenue year-over-year and showed a worsening free cash flow with a $43 million cash burn. These negative signals, including missing revenue expectations and accelerating cash burn, led to a substantial decline in the stock's value.
The Great Fiber Pivot: A Deep Dive into Cogent Communications (Nasdaq: CCOI)
Cogent Communications (Nasdaq: CCOI) is undergoing a significant transformation, evolving from a low-cost internet transit provider into a strategic infrastructure play. This pivot, driven by the acquisition of Sprint's wireline assets and a focus on the AI economy, comes with high debt levels and a recent dramatic shift in dividend policy. The article explores the company's historical background, business model, financial performance, competitive landscape, risks, and opportunities, concluding that CCOI is a high-risk, high-reward investment in the AI era.
21,000 Reasons Cogent Communications’ Unusual Options Activity Screams Bull Call Spread
Cogent Communications (CCOI) recently experienced unusually high options trading volume, with 68,987 contracts traded, significantly above its 30-day average. This surge was driven by two specific call options for June 18 ($35 and $50 strikes), pointing to a potential bull call spread strategy by investors. Despite current financial losses and a drastic dividend cut, analysts remain cautiously optimistic due to new revenue streams from wavelength services and IPv4 addresses, combined with cost-cutting from previous acquisitions.
Cogent Communications surges 66% after November undervaluation signal
Cogent Communications (NASDAQ:CCOI) has seen its stock surge by 66% in three months, validating InvestingPro's Fair Value models that identified it as significantly undervalued in November 2025. The company, which provides internet access and transit services, was trading at $16.70 at the time but was estimated to have a fair price of $24.81, indicating a potential upside of 48.56%. This performance demonstrates the effectiveness of data-driven valuation analysis in identifying investment opportunities.
KeyBanc reiterates Cogent Communications stock rating on growth outlook By Investing.com
KeyBanc has reiterated an Overweight rating for Cogent Communications Holdings Inc. (NASDAQ:CCOI) with a $30.00 price target. Despite a modest downside expectation for Q4 earnings and a recent revenue decline, the firm maintains a positive long-term outlook due to improving revenue growth trajectory, particularly in core business connection additions and increasing wavelength installations. The upcoming data center sale and the new CEO's incentivized contract are also seen as positive developments addressing the company's significant debt burden.
KeyBanc reiterates Cogent Communications stock rating on growth outlook
KeyBanc has reiterated an Overweight rating on Cogent Communications Holdings Inc. (NASDAQ:CCOI), maintaining a $30.00 price target. Despite a recent revenue decline and significant debt, KeyBanc sees improving revenue growth, particularly in core business on-net connection additions, and anticipates an increase in wavelength installations and backlog. The firm also notes the pending data center sale and a new CEO contract as positive developments.
Investors in Cogent Communications Holdings (NASDAQ:CCOI) From a Year Ago Are Still Down 66%, Even After 5.5% Gain This Past Week
Despite a recent 5.5% gain, investors who bought Cogent Communications Holdings (NASDAQ:CCOI) shares a year ago are still down by 66%. The company's share price saw a significant 68% drop over the last year, largely due to its earnings per share falling below zero. Including dividends, the total shareholder return over the past year was -66%, indicating that even with dividend payments, shareholders experienced a substantial loss.
Thrivent Financial for Lutherans Trims Stake in Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. $CCOI
Thrivent Financial for Lutherans significantly reduced its holdings in Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ:CCOI) by 96.5% in the third quarter, while institutional investors own approximately 92.45% of the stock. Analysts maintain a cautious "Hold" rating with a consensus target price of $25.71, as major banks have recently lowered price targets. Cogent Communications is currently trading near $26.46 with a market capitalization of $1.30 billion and a negative P/E ratio.
Cogent Communications (CCOI) Expected to Announce Earnings on Friday
Cogent Communications (NASDAQ:CCOI) is expected to report its Q4 2025 earnings before market open on Friday, February 20th. Analysts anticipate a loss of ($1.09) per share on revenue of $243.82 million. The company's shares are currently trading around $26.30, with a consensus "Hold" rating and an average target price of $25.71 from analysts.
ProShare Advisors LLC Increases Stock Holdings in Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. $CCOI
ProShare Advisors LLC significantly increased its stake in Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ:CCOI) by 30.1% in the third quarter, bringing its total holdings to 177,113 shares valued at approximately $6.79 million. Despite this increase in institutional ownership, the company's stock has faced analyst downgrades, resulting in a consensus "Hold" rating and an average price target of $25.71. Insider selling by Director Lewis H. Ferguson further highlights mixed sentiment surrounding CCOI.
Reaves W H & Co. Inc. Has $16.23 Million Stock Holdings in Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. $CCOI
Reaves W H & Co. Inc. significantly reduced its stake in Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ:CCOI) by 48.4% in the third quarter, now holding 423,098 shares valued at approximately $16.23 million. This move comes as analysts have lowered price targets for CCOI, with a consensus "Hold" rating and an average target price of $25.71, down from earlier estimates. Institutional ownership remains high at 92.45%, despite insider selling by Director Lewis H. Ferguson.
Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI): A Bull Case Theory
This article summarizes a bullish thesis on Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI), highlighting its transformation from a legacy ISP to a growth-oriented company with its new Wavelength business. Despite recent stock decline due to integration challenges from the Sprint wireline acquisition, the company is seen to have significant upside potential through asset monetization, balance sheet repair, and the scaling of its Wavelength fiber business, which targets a growing AI-driven data demand market.
Cogent, Concentrix, DXC, WEBTOON, and Kyndryl Stocks Trade Up, What You Need To Know
Several stocks, including Cogent, Concentrix, DXC, WEBTOON, and Kyndryl, saw significant jumps in value following a rebound in major indices and technology stocks. This market rally was fueled by improved U.S. consumer sentiment, the stabilization of Bitcoin, and increased capital expenditure in AI, benefiting chipmakers. The Dow Jones Industrial Average notably crossed the 50,000 threshold for the first time.
Does Taylor Frigon’s Full Exit Amid Cash Flow Strain Change The Bull Case For Cogent (CCOI)?
Taylor Frigon Capital Management fully exited its position in Cogent Communications Holdings (CCOI) by selling 73,271 shares in Q4 2025, raising questions about Cogent's ability to achieve sustainable free cash flow. This exit, alongside a sharp share price fall and dividend reduction, emphasizes the fragility of investor confidence in Cogent's network assets and wavelength growth translating into consistent free cash flow. The upcoming February 20, 2026 earnings call will be crucial for Cogent to demonstrate whether EBITDA margin gains are converting into cash to service debt and justify buybacks.
INVESTOR ALERT: Pomerantz Law Firm Investigates Claims On Behalf of Investors of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. - CCOI
Pomerantz LLP is investigating potential claims of securities fraud and unlawful business practices on behalf of investors in Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: CCOI). This investigation follows Cogent's announcement on November 6, 2025, of a significant year-over-year service revenue decline and a 98% cut in its dividend, which led to a substantial drop in the company's stock price. Investors affected by these events are encouraged to contact Pomerantz LLP for more information about potentially joining a class action lawsuit.
Taylor Frigon Capital Exits Cogent Communications Holdings Position
Taylor Frigon Capital Management has fully exited its position in Cogent Communications Holdings, selling 73,271 shares worth approximately $2.81 million in Q4, signaling a lack of confidence in the company's future. This move comes as Cogent's stock has plunged 65.4% over the past year, significantly underperforming the S&P 500, and amid concerns regarding its financial performance, including declining core service revenue and thin operating cash flow. The exit reflects a strategic reassessment by Taylor Frigon, whose portfolio is concentrated in other sectors like semiconductors and software.
Cogent Communications to Host Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Earnings Call on February 20, 2026
Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: CCOI) announced it will host a conference call on February 20, 2026, at 8:30 a.m. ET to discuss its operating results for the fourth quarter and full year 2025. The company plans to release its earnings press release at 7:00 a.m. ET on the same day. The call is accessible via dial-in numbers and an audio webcast will be available on Cogent's website.
Cogent Communications to Host Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Earnings Call on February 20, 2026
Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: CCOI) announced it will host a conference call on February 20, 2026, at 8:30 a.m. ET to discuss its fourth quarter and full-year 2025 operating results. A press release detailing the results will be issued at 7:00 a.m. ET on the same day. Interested parties can access the call via dial-in numbers or an audio webcast on Cogent's website.
Cogent Communications to Host Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Earnings Call on February 20, 2026
Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. will host a conference call on February 20, 2026, at 8:30 a.m. ET to announce its operating results for the fourth quarter and full year 2025. The company will issue a press release at 7:00 a.m. ET on the same day, and details for webcast and dial-in access are provided. Cogent, headquartered in Washington, D.C., is a facilities-based provider of high-speed internet and private network services globally.
CCOI INVESTIGATION: Investigation Launched into Cogent
Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP has launched an investigation into Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: CCOI) for potential violations of U.S. federal securities laws. The investigation focuses on whether Cogent made false or misleading statements and failed to disclose material information to investors, particularly after its stock plummeted nearly 35% following a significant dividend cut and revenue decrease reported in Q3 2025. The law firm encourages investors who suffered losses or have relevant information to contact them.
Is Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ:CCOI) Trading At A 42% Discount?
Simply Wall St analysis suggests that Cogent Communications Holdings (NASDAQ: CCOI) appears significantly undervalued, trading at a 42% discount with a fair value estimate of US$40.96 compared to its current share price of US$23.85. The valuation uses a 2-stage Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. Despite the potential undervaluation, the article notes some weaknesses and threats, including a low dividend compared to peers, debt not well covered by operating cash flow, total liabilities exceeding assets, and no expected profitability in the next three years.
Glancy Prongay & Murray LLP Announces Investigation of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) on Behalf of Investors
Glancy Prongay & Murray LLP is investigating potential claims against Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) concerning whether its board of directors breached fiduciary duties to shareholders. The investigation stems from an August 2025 incident where JPMorgan and RBC Capital seized $82 million in Cogent shares pledged by CEO Dave Schaeffer as loan collateral. Shareholders who owned shares before August 2025 are encouraged to contact the law firm to discuss their rights.
The Law Offices of Frank R. Cruz Announces Investigation of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) on Behalf of Investors
The Law Offices of Frank R. Cruz is investigating potential claims against the board of directors of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: CCOI) for alleged breaches of fiduciary duties. This investigation stems from an incident in August 2025 where JPMorgan and RBC Capital seized $82 million in Cogent shares pledged by CEO Dave Schaeffer as loan collateral. Shareholders who held shares before August 2025 are encouraged to contact the firm.
The Law Offices of Frank R. Cruz Announces Investigation of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) on Behalf of Investors
The Law Offices of Frank R. Cruz has launched an investigation into Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) regarding potential breaches of fiduciary duties by its board of directors. This probe follows news from August 2025, when JPMorgan and RBC Capital reportedly seized $82 million in Cogent shares pledged by CEO Dave Schaeffer as loan collateral. The firm is seeking shareholders who purchased CCOI shares before August 2025 to discuss their rights and interests in this matter.
Law Offices of Howard G. Smith Announces Investigation of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) on Behalf of Investors
The Law Offices of Howard G. Smith announced an investigation into potential claims against the board of directors of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI). This investigation stems from allegations that JPMorgan and RBC Capital seized $82 million in Cogent shares pledged by CEO Dave Schaeffer as loan collateral in August 2025. The firm is examining whether the board breached its fiduciary duties or grossly mismanaged the company.
FinancialContent - Law Offices of Howard G. Smith Announces Investigation of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) on Behalf of Investors
The Law Offices of Howard G. Smith announced an investigation into Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) on behalf of investors. The investigation concerns whether the company's board breached its fiduciary duties to shareholders after JPMorgan and RBC Capital seized $82 million in Cogent shares pledged by CEO Dave Schaeffer as loan collateral in August 2025. Shareholders who purchased before August 2025 are encouraged to contact the firm to discuss their legal rights.
Cogent Communications Board Under Investigation for Potential Fiduciary Breach
The Law Offices of Frank R. Cruz initiated an investigation into Cogent Communications' board for potential fiduciary breaches due to alleged gross mismanagement, which could affect shareholder rights. This follows JPMorgan and RBC Capital seizing $82 million in Cogent shares pledged by CEO Dave Schaeffer in August 2025. Shareholders who bought shares before August 2025 are encouraged to participate in the investigation, while analyst ratings for CCOI show a general forecast for the stock price to rise over the next 12 months, despite recent downgrades and a dividend cut.
The Law Offices of Frank R. Cruz Announces Investigation of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) on Behalf of Investors
The Law Offices of Frank R. Cruz is investigating potential claims against the board of directors of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) regarding alleged breaches of fiduciary duties and gross mismanagement. This investigation stems from the seizure of $82 million in Cogent shares in August 2025 that CEO Dave Schaeffer had pledged as collateral for loans. Shareholders who purchased stock before August 2025 are encouraged to contact the firm to discuss their rights.
INVESTOR ALERT: Pomerantz Law Firm Investigates Claims On Behalf of Investors of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. - CCOI
Pomerantz LLP is investigating potential securities fraud claims against Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) after the company reported a significant decline in service revenue and a 98% dividend cut in its Q3 2025 earnings. Following this news, Cogent's stock price dropped by 34.86%. The law firm is advising affected investors to contact them regarding a potential class action lawsuit.
Cogent (CCOI): Buy, Sell, or Hold Post Q3 Earnings?
This article analyzes Cogent (CCOI) after its Q3 earnings, noting a significant 55.8% stock price drop over the last six months. The author advises investors to avoid CCOI due to weak growth in total connections, declining return on invested capital (ROIC), and a short cash runway coupled with high debt. The article suggests focusing on other "high quality" stocks that have shown better performance.
Precision Trading with Cogent Communications Holdings Inc. (CCOI) Risk Zones
This article provides a detailed analysis of Cogent Communications Holdings Inc. (CCOI) focusing on risk zones and trading strategies. It highlights a blend of strong near-term sentiment with persistent mid to long-term weakness and offers specific AI-generated strategies for position trading, momentum breakout, and risk hedging. The analysis also includes multi-timeframe signal insights regarding support and resistance levels.
INVESTOR ALERT: Pomerantz Law Firm Investigates Claims On Behalf of Investors of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. - CCOI
Pomerantz LLP is investigating potential claims on behalf of investors of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: CCOI) following a significant drop in its stock price. This investigation stems from Cogent's November 6, 2025, announcement of a nearly 6% decline in service revenue and a 98% dividend cut, which caused the stock to fall over 34% on the same day. The law firm is examining whether Cogent and its leadership engaged in securities fraud or unlawful business practices.
Cogent Q3 Loss Narrower Than Expected, Revenues Decline Y/Y
The article "Cogent Q3 Loss Narrower Than Expected, Revenues Decline Y/Y" from MSN contains only a title and published time, with no actual content to summarize. It indicates a narrower loss than expected for Cogent in Q3, despite a year-over-year revenue decline.
INVESTOR ALERT: Pomerantz Law Firm Investigates Claims On Behalf of Investors of Cogent ...
Pomerantz LLP is investigating potential securities fraud claims against Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. following its reported financial results for Q3 2023. The company announced a nearly 6% year-over-year decline in service revenue and a 98% cut to its dividend, causing its stock price to fall by 34.95%. Investors are advised to contact Pomerantz LLP for more information.
INVESTOR ALERT: Pomerantz Law Firm Investigates Claims On Behalf of Investors of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. - CCOI
Pomerantz LLP is investigating potential securities fraud claims against Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) after the company announced a significant decline in Q3 2025 service revenue and a 98% cut to its dividend. Following this news, Cogent's stock price dropped by nearly 35%. Investors who believe they have been affected are encouraged to contact the law firm.
INVESTOR ALERT: Pomerantz Law Firm Investigates Claims On Behalf of Investors of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. - CCOI
Pomerantz LLP is investigating Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: CCOI) on behalf of investors regarding potential securities fraud or unlawful business practices. This investigation follows a significant drop in Cogent's stock price after the company reported a nearly 6% year-over-year service revenue decline and cut its dividend by 98% in its Q3 2025 financial results. Investors who have suffered losses are encouraged to contact Pomerantz LLP.
Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) Investigation: Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC Encourages Investors to Contact the Firm to Learn More About the Investigation
Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC has launched an investigation into potential claims against Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) on behalf of investors. This follows a significant drop in Cogent's stock price after the company reported a nearly 6% decline in year-over-year service revenue and announced a drastic 98% cut in its dividend in November 2025. The firm is encouraging affected investors to contact them to learn more about participating in the investigation.
INVESTOR ALERT: Pomerantz Law Firm Investigates Claims On Behalf of Investors of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. - CCOI
Pomerantz LLP is investigating potential claims on behalf of investors of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: CCOI) following a significant stock price drop. The investigation stems from a reported nearly 6% year-over-year service revenue decline and a 98% cut in the company's dividend, leading to a 34.86% fall in stock price on November 6, 2025. Investors are encouraged to contact Danielle Peyton for more information regarding potential securities fraud or unlawful business practices.
Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC Encourages Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) Stockholders to Inquire about Securities Investigation
Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC is investigating potential claims on behalf of purchasers of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) after the company reported a significant year-over-year service revenue decline and a 98% cut to its dividend on November 6, 2025. Following this news, Cogent's stock price dropped by 34.86%. The law firm encourages investors affected by this event to inquire about the securities investigation.
INVESTOR ALERT: Pomerantz Law Firm Investigates Claims On Behalf of Investors of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. - CCOI
Pomerantz LLP is investigating potential securities fraud claims against Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: CCOI) on behalf of investors. This investigation follows a significant drop in Cogent's stock price after the company reported a nearly 6% decline in service revenue and a 98% cut in its dividend in the third quarter of 2025. Investors are encouraged to contact Pomerantz LLP for information about joining the class action.
Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC Is Investigating Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) And Encourages Stockholders to Connect
Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC is investigating potential claims on behalf of purchasers of Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (CCOI) after the company reported a significant year-over-year service revenue decline and a 98% cut in its dividend, causing its stock price to fall over 34%. The firm encourages investors who purchased Cogent securities to connect with them for additional information and assistance with the investigation. The investigation focuses on potential securities fraud class actions and shareholder derivative suits to recover investor capital and ensure corporate accountability.
